| 1. | The nephridium projects into the main venous sinus in the animal's foot.
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| 2. | Most cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are due to hypercoagulability.
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| 3. | From there the infection may spread to the dural venous sinuses.
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| 4. | Some authors have theorized that a persistent venous sinus reflects an arrest in embryologic development.
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| 5. | Of particular concern are large veins, called venous sinuses, that carry blood away from the brain.
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| 6. | From the arterial sinuses bathing the tissues, it drains into the venous sinus, and thus flows past the nephridium.
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| 7. | They pierce the arachnoid matter and the meningeal layer in the dura and drain into the cranial venous sinuses.
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| 8. | But this pacemaker activity is actually made by a group of cells that derive from the sinoatrial right venous sinus.
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| 9. | Imaging including angiography may be indicated to identify dural venous sinus thrombosis as a cause of intracranial hypertension and optic atrophy.
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| 10. | And the venous sinuses are fragile; if one is torn, a child can bleed to death in less than a minute.
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